What is the difference between customs and border patrol

Agriculture inspectors play an integral part in the Department of Agriculture's role in supplying a safe and affordable food supply. As the previous list demonstrates, agriculture inspectors are responsible for enforcing various animal and plant protection laws.

In some cases, agriculture inspectors have the authority to conduct warrantless searches of any person or conveyance entering the country in furtherance of those laws. For instance, under the Plant Protection Act and the Animal Health Protection Act, agriculture inspectors have the authority to conduct warrantless searches of any person or vehicle entering the United States to determine whether the person is carrying any plant or animal in violation of the statute.

Although the HSA reorganized the administration of border inspections, it did not make significant changes in the policies and practices at the border. Most of the statutory revisions of the inspection process that were aimed at antiterrorism and border security were in place prior to the establishment of CBP. In part a response to the World Trade Center bombing, Congress had already strengthened the anti-terrorism provisions in the INA and enacted provisions that shifted immigration inspectors from the "services" role to the "enforcement" role.

Customs Service in Primary Purpose. Having a visa or other form of travel document does not guarantee admission into the United States.

The INA requires the inspection of all aliens who seek entry into the United States; 33 and in some cases allows for preinspection when departing a foreign country on route to the United States. In addition to conducting inspections, immigration inspectors enforce various criminal and administrative statutes, apprehend violators, and adjudicate a variety of applications for various immigration benefits. Later in this report, Appendix A presents a sample of the immigration inspector's workload.

Primary Inspections. Primary inspection, the first level of inspection, consists of a brief interview with an immigration inspector, a cursory check of the traveler's documents and a query of the Interagency Border Inspection System IBIS.

Secondary Inspections. During secondary inspections, travelers are questioned extensively and travel documents are further examined. Several immigration databases are queried as well, including lookout databases. As Figure 2 later in this report depicts, on average less than one percent of all travelers were subjected to secondary inspections between FY and FY In addition to an inspector denying entry, an alien can withdraw his application for admission in some cases.

Although not as frequently used, allowing an alien to withdraw his application for admission permits the alien to apply for reentry at some later point without being penalized.

Expedited Removal. In , Congress enacted the expedited removal policy. As a result, if an immigration inspector at the port of entry finds that an alien has arrived without proper documentation, the officer can deny admission and order the alien summarily removed from the United States.

Those in expedited removal who claim a legal right to reside in the United States based on citizenship, legal permanent residence, asylee or refugee status are to be provided with additional procedural protections, rather than being immediately returned. Aliens whose visas have been revoked by Department of State are subject to expedited removal.

The expedited removal provisions provide very limited circumstances for administrative and judicial review of those aliens who are summarily excluded or removed. Deferred Inspections. In a small percentage of cases, usually occurring in connection with arrivals by aircraft, the inspection process can be deferred and the individual referred to an immigration office in the area in which the individual will be residing. Less than 20, travelers were referred to deferred inspections each year, from FY through FY Deferred inspections occur when an immediate decision regarding admissibility cannot be made at the port of entry and the alien does not appear to be in blatant violation of admissibility laws.

Such cases may involve the review of incomplete documents. Departure Control. Departure control is an inspection of travelers departing Guam, Puerto Rico and the U.

Virgin Islands who are en route to the continental United States. It also applies to crew members en route to the United States. Electronic Passenger Manifest. Several provisions in law enacted after the September 11, terrorist attacks sought to provide a greater level of border security by requiring airline carriers to provide the Attorney General with electronic passenger manifests before arriving in or departing from the United States.

APIS was created in , cooperatively with the former U. The submission of the passenger manifests electronically prior to arrival allows immigration officials to perform inspections on travelers in advance of their arrival.

Automated Inspections. PortPASS programs ease commuter traffic at land ports of entry by providing dedicated commuter lanes to facilitate the speedy passage of low-risk, frequent travelers. Differences Between the Northern and Southern Borders. The principal difference between the Northern and Southern borders from an immigration inspections perspective is the documentary requirements. Mexicans are required to have the proper immigration documents. A special Mexican "laser visa" formerly known as the Mexican Border Crossing Card is used by citizens of Mexico to gain short-term entry up to six months for business or tourism into the United States.

It may be used for multiple entries and is good for at least 10 years. Canadians, on the other hand, are waived from the documentary requirements. In the past, the southwest border received more resources than its northern border counterpart as a result of a multi-year border patrol strategy that was implemented in The border patrol strategy was aimed at strengthening enforcement of United States immigration laws and placed an emphasis on decreasing the number of illegal immigrants coming into the United States by increasing controls at the nation's borders.

Although the resources were primarily directed at strengthening the border patrol along the southwest border, southwest ports of entry also have received additional resources aimed at increasing the number of immigration inspectors. The terrorist attacks, however, brought attention to the northern border, which has historically been understaffed and lacked the necessary infrastructure to adequately screen individuals seeking entry into the United States. Several pieces of legislation passed in the th Congress authorized and appropriated funding for additional staffing and resources along the northern border.

Customs inspections aim at ensuring the efficient flow of legitimate cross-border traffic while simultaneously preventing the entry of illegitimate goods or people into the United States 54 They play a major role in federal efforts to interdict terrorists and their weapons; illegal drugs; and other contraband being smuggled into the United States. Customs inspections monitor goods being imported into the United States, including collection of duties and tariffs.

Customs inspections also involve U. The challenge faced by CBP is to achieve a sufficient level of security while not jeopardizing the efficient flow of commercial trade at the border.

Given this framework it is important to understand that customs inspections serve two different, yet intertwined purposes: border security; and commercial entry. Commercial Import Process. Generally, imported goods may not legally enter the commerce of the United States until CBP has authorized delivery of the goods.

The commercial import process can be described as a series of steps: entry, inspection, appraisement, and classification and liquidation. For the purposes of this report only the entry and inspection steps will be discussed. Importers or their agents are required to file entry documentation with CBP for each importation, regardless of whether duty must be paid on the merchandise.

To expedite clearance of their goods, importers often file entry documents electronically and pay surety bonds before the merchandise arrives at the port of entry. Most importers choose to hire customs brokers to transact their customs-related business. Entry documents include proper bills of lading, entry forms, invoices, and evidence of the right to make entry.

Importers or their agents must file entry documentation within five working days of the arrival of a shipment at the port of entry. Importers must then file an entry summary and deposit estimated duties within 10 working days of the time the goods are entered and released by CBP. Upon arrival at a port of entry, the goods are considered 'imported' and are examined by CBP inspectors for admissibility before being released from CBP custody.

CBP inspectors are required to examine a sufficient number of shipments and entries of merchandise to determine whether:. Following examination, CBP typically releases the goods to the importer, usually under bond to cover potentially unpaid duties, taxes and other charges. The amount of duty owed is determined by tariff classification and valuation of the goods. In a process known as liquidation, CBP inspectors make a final calculation of the importer's liability duties and charges owed.

CBP inspectors rely on targeting mechanisms and random inspections to conduct their inspection operations. CBP uses preclearance, 55 primary inspections, and secondary inspections in order to help identify those passengers and cargo considered high-risk from a customs perspective. Cargo Targeting and Inspection.

Customs-related business is increasingly conducted electronically. ABI is a part of the Automated Commercial System ACS used by Customs to track, control, and process all commercial goods imported into the United States 56 ABI is a voluntary program available to brokers, importers, carriers, port authorities, and independent service centers, that allows qualified participants to file import data electronically with CBP.

There is a varying level of automation with each system. A risk assessment system is employed to focus customs inspections on high risk shipments. ATS standardizes bill of lading and entry summary data received from ACS and creates integrated records called "shipments.

The higher the score, the more attention the shipment requires, and the greater the chance it will be targeted for secondary inspection. ATS sorts through records stored in a database containing detailed information on every shipment that has entered the United States in the past 10 years. When a high risk shipment is flagged by the NTC, this information flag is sent out to the field terminals so that when an inspector at the border pulls up information on the shipment the flag is displayed and the inspector will target the shipment for further inspection or review.

Customs inspections are dependent on accurate manifest information arriving in a timely manner in order to execute the risk assessment and targeting procedures before shipments reach the border. To give inspectors adequate information and time to perform a risk assessment on cargo shipments, legacy Customs published a rule known as the hour rule 60 requiring the submission of certain manifest information to Customs hours in advance of the vessel cargo being laden at the foreign port.

The Trade Act of P. These new rules were published in their final version December 5, While the enforcement of these regulations is currently rolling out in phases, the intent is that every advance manifest will be run through the ATS at the NTC before each shipment reaches a U.

Modal Differences. While the commercial import process is relatively uniform in terms of documentary requirements, differences in the level of automation in the AMS system lead to differences across the modes of transportation depending upon whether the shipment is arriving by truck, railcar or by vessel.

As mentioned above, the air, sea, and rail AMS modules are well automated, and thus targeting and commercial processing has been conducted electronically through the process outlined above. Truck cargo entry is the least automated of all the modes and many truck drivers must present CBP inspectors at the border with paper entry documents as they arrive at the inspection booths.

The CBP inspector reviews these documents, questions the driver, and decides whether or not to direct the truck to secondary inspection.

The CBP inspector will collect any owed duties and release the cargo into the United States if he is satisfied with the documentation. ABI is functional at the land border for truck entry, and thus importers or customs brokers can electronically pre-file entry documentation for truck shipments. Because there is no truck AMS module, however, most truck carriers do not file manifest information electronically.

Automated line release programs do exist at the northern and southern borders. The CBP inspector scans the bar code, verifies that the information matches the invoice data, enters the quantity and releases the cargo.

The release data is then submitted to ACS which establishes an entry and the entry summary requirements, and notifies the ABI participant of the release. Under FAST, both countries are working to harmonize their inspection and commercial operations at the border. Expanding upon earlier initiatives that allow for the electronic submission of entry documents and, thus, result in expedited cargo releases, the FAST program allows major importers and their carriers to use dedicated inspection lanes.

The security of cargo containers loaded onto U. Customs Service in January of to "prevent global containerized cargo from being exploited by terrorists. The rationale behind CSI is that finding a nuclear weapon or a radiological "dirty bomb" at a U. CSI is based around four core elements: developing criteria to identify high-risk containers; pre-screening high-risk containers at the earliest possible point in the supply chain; using technology to pre-screen high risk containers quickly; and developing and using smart and secure containers.

Under the CSI program, CBP officers are sent to participating ports where they collaborate with host country customs officers to identify and pre-screen high-risk containers using non-intrusive inspection technology before the containers are laden on U. As of September , governments representing 19 of these 20 ports had signed agreements to implement CSI; and CSI had actually been implemented in Physical Inspection of Cargo. Cargo shipments may be targeted or randomly selected for a secondary inspection for both security and trade compliance purposes.

CBP has deployed a number of non-intrusive inspection NII technologies at ports of entry to assist customs inspectors with the inspection of cargos. Large scale NII technologies include a number of x-ray and gamma ray systems. The Vehicle and Cargo Inspection Systems VACIS , which uses gamma rays to produce an image of the contents of a container for review by the CBP inspector, can be deployed in a mobile or stationary capacity depending upon the needs of the port.

CBP is also continuing to deploy nuclear and radiological detection equipment including personal radiation detectors, radiation portal monitors, and radiation isotope identifiers to ports of entry. Various canine teams are also deployed at ports of entry to assist in the inspection of cargo and passengers.

CBP uses canine teams trained to detect several types of contraband including narcotics, explosives, chemicals, and currency. Passenger Targeting and Inspection. Customs passenger inspection is concerned with collecting duties on imported items brought into the country along with preventing the entry of contraband.

A typical Customs primary inspection consists of an interview in which individuals may be asked about their citizenship, their trip, and about any goods they may be bringing into the country that they did not have when they departed. Individuals entering the United States via land border crossing are required to make a verbal declaration. Individuals arriving in the United States by air or sea are required to fill out a Customs declaration form.

These forms are usually provided by the airline or the cruise ship. The Customs declaration form requires individuals to provide certain personal information e. The Customs declaration form also requires information concerning goods an individual is bringing into the country. Duty may be assessed on the value of goods exceeding personal exemption limits. The primary inspection for individuals arriving by air or sea will include a review of the Customs declaration as a part of the interview process.

Based upon the results of the primary inspection, some individuals may be referred to secondary inspection. Customs inspections are based upon a number of factors e. Customs inspection currently relies on the Advance Passenger Information System APIS to screen passenger and crewmember lists prior to their arrival in or departure from the U. S, if they are arriving by air or sea. At the land border, where Customs inspections do not have advance passenger information, CBP has deployed license plate readers to assist them in targeting vehicles and their passengers for additional inspection.

As of September , CBP had installed inbound and 50 outbound license plate readers on the southern border; and inbound license plate readers on the northern border. The primary mission of CBP is to prevent terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the country. However, other components of CBP's mission include interdicting other prohibited items such as illegal drugs, ammunition, firearms, and counterfeit goods; and monitoring trade compliance. Theoretically, every person or conveyance crossing the border presents an opportunity for smuggling.

The statistics in Appendix C illustrate the aggregate size of the so-called "smuggling window of opportunity. In addition, during FY Customs officers made 12, arrests, and seized 6.

Differences Between the Northern and Southern Border. Operational differences between Customs inspections on the northern and southern borders arise due to several factors. One is simply the nature of the cross-border traffic that predominates at ports of entry along each border. The ports of entry on the southern border must deal with a significantly greater amount of pedestrian and personal vehicle traffic than the northern border; while the northern border contends with considerably more commercial traffic than does the southern border.

Appendices E and F in this report illustrate these differences. For example, the total number of personally operated vehicles entering the United States crossing the southern and northern borders for Calendar Year CY was nearly Of this total Of the Of the 2. Operational differences at the northern and southern borders are also caused by different levels of progress that have been made on the bilateral agreements between the United States and Canada and the United States and Mexico.

FAST is a joint program for low-risk companies that allows for the expedited movement of shipments across the northern border in both directions. The United States-Canada Smart Border Declaration also includes other efforts to harmonize commercial processing, conduct clearance operations away from the border, develop joint facilities, share customs data, improve container targeting at seaports, address infrastructure improvements, and develop intelligent transportation systems, among others.

The accord was accompanied by a point action plan that included several customs-related items similar to those contained in the United States-Canada Smart Border Declaration.

Another indicator of progress in cooperation is that as of September , FAST has become operational at one commercial crossing along the southern border El Paso. Animal and plant health inspection contributes to national security by preventing the entry of exotic plant and animal pests and diseases. Such pests and diseases pose a potential threat to domestic agricultural production, particularly in the fruit, vegetable and livestock sectors.

Traditionally, these inspections have dealt with all possible threats, regardless of whether they are deliberately or accidentally introduced. Since September 11, , and the anthrax incidents, more attention has been given to preventing entry of agricultural pests and diseases that might be used as bioterrorism or agroterrorism agents against U. Agricultural inspection occurs at U.

Inspections cover passengers arriving by vehicle, airplane, and ship, cargo and international mail, and commercial aircraft, vessels, trucks, and railcars.

Inspection methods include human sensory examination, X-ray, and detector dog inspection, along with examination of documents accompanying incoming cargo to assure compliance with health and trade agreements. Some agricultural items may be allowed to enter from certain countries but not others. These determinations are based on scientific risk assessments which are updated regularly using currently available information.

Forbidden fruits and vegetables may harbor a range of invasive plant diseases and pests. For example, oranges from certain foreign locations can introduce diseases like citrus canker or pests like the Mediterranean fruit fly.

Similarly, sausages and other meat products from many countries can contain animal disease organisms that can live for many months and even survive processing. Meat scraps from meals on foreign ships and airplanes could contaminate domestic livestock feed sources if not properly disposed of. Foot and mouth disease FMD , a debilitating livestock disease, can be transmitted on footwear or clothing if passengers passed through FMD-affected areas.

Outbreaks of plant and animal diseases can cost millions of dollars to eradicate, jeopardize U. DHS personnel inspect international arrivals of passengers and their baggage, imported cargo and international package mail, and international conveyances.

While combining agricultural inspections with other border security activities can increase the number of inspectors who can monitor the border for prohibited agricultural products, it requires diligence to maintain adequate agricultural inspections in light of more general customs and immigration concerns.

Inspection Procedures. As with other inspection functions by former Customs and INS personnel, animal and plant health inspectors use a "smart border" or risk assessment approach to identify which people or containers to inspect. Intelligence based on documents and advance notice frequently can add security away from the United States and make the actual border more fluid for legitimate trade and immigration.

Passenger Inspection. The passenger inspection program utilizes a uniform inspection process at land, sea, and air ports of entry. Passenger baggage is inspected on a random basis, and also from information that passengers provide on declaration forms.

Inspectors also speak with travelers at primary inspection stations to ascertain where they have come from and what agricultural and food products they may be carrying. Based on the point of departure, inspectors judge whether passengers are more likely to be carrying, for example, prohibited fruit, spices, cheese, or meat. All agricultural products are subject to inspection and are confiscated if they are found to be infested or are prohibited entry due to known pest and disease risks. To focus attention on the highest risk passengers, agricultural inspections are coordinated with other inspection functions, either physically or through intelligence sharing.

The majority of passengers cleared through the system without delay. Inspector dog teams commonly known as the "beagle brigade" roam the baggage arrival areas and can effectively determine the presence of agricultural products without opening individual bags. APHIS also uses x-ray technology to quickly screen certain targeted baggage. Pre-clearance of passengers is sometimes more feasible than inspection at ports of entry.

Passenger pre-clearance responsibilities were not transferred to DHS. Even though part of the United States with respect to immigration and customs, these offshore locations could present agricultural threats to the mainland. A pre-clearance program for military passengers expedites the arrival of soldiers returning from countries that have pests that could harm domestic agriculture. Cargo Inspection. Cargo shipments are targeted for efficient inspections based on manifest descriptions of the containers.

This assessment occurs at ports of entry and, more commonly, at departure ports. Notification while in transit, especially for ships, allows inspectors to target certain shipments upon arrival at port. Inspectors board ships, planes, rail cars, and trucks in order to thoroughly inspect shipments. In some cases, products are off-loaded at secure warehouses for a more thorough "strip-out" inspection. In addition to inspecting agricultural products, inspectors also examine shipments of auto parts or other products arriving in crates or pallets containing solid wood packing material that could contain harmful wood-boring pests.

USDA personnel also typically oversee, and sometimes carry out, any necessary fumigation of agricultural cargo at ports of entry. In addition to visual, x-ray, and detector dog inspection, APHIS is adapting new technologies for finding biological agents in cargo shipments.

The Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device RAPID is a handheld instrument that can identify pathogens in the field within 30 minutes instead of up to several days in the laboratory. RAPID is currently being tested for possible use at ports of entry. Pre-clearance of cargo adds to the security of agricultural inspections and reduces the demand on inspectors at the borders.

Commodity pre-clearance activities were not transferred to DHS. Often it is more practical and effective to check and monitor commodities for pests or diseases at the source.

The goal is to intercept destructive pests in their native lands before being transported to the United States. APHIS has special arrangements with a number of countries and has a corps of experts stationed overseas to supplement domestic inspectors.

APHIS conducts 35 commodity pre-clearance programs overseas including, for example, mangoes from Mexico, blueberries from Argentina, bulbs from the Netherlands, and grapes from Chile.

Many of the programs are seasonal. Importers pay for pre-clearance through user fees. Some agricultural commodities require inspection only prior to departure for the United States. Other commodities, however, require treatment before they can be cleared for entry. The most common types of pre-clearance treatments include hot water immersion, cold treatment, and fumigation.

In addition to traditional cargo, food and garbage from international flights and cruises can carry pests and diseases that could harm U. Inspectors regularly examine international modes of conveyance and consult with airlines, cruise lines, ship and rail companies to ensure that trash is being properly handled and discarded. Problems identified during these inspections can lead to citations for violations.

Smuggling and Trade Compliance. This team monitors pathways through which prohibited products can enter the United States and cooperates with law enforcement officials to conduct unannounced inspections "blitzes" at markets, warehouses, and ports of entry.

They seize prohibited items and help prosecute smugglers. In FY, the staff seized 6, kilograms of prohibited plant products and 9, kilograms of prohibited animal products. Difference Between Northern and Southern Borders.

Agricultural inspections are generally uniform at the land border crossings with Canada and Mexico. Many of the pests and diseases of concern to agriculture have potential pathways into the United States through both the northern and southern borders. For example, while Canada cannot grow citrus in its colder climate, it does allow imports of tropical fruit from countries with known fruit fly populations, and thus is of concern to U.

Other pests and diseases vary between Canada and Mexico and necessitate different procedures. For example, live cattle being imported from Mexico are dipped in an insecticide bath prior to entry into the United States to prevent entry of exotic ticks. At the northern border, imports of cattle and beef products currently are prohibited due to BSE mad cow disease restrictions. These differences, however, are based on risk assessments of pest and disease differentials rather than the inherent location of the border.

Similar differences in inspections or prohibitions apply to cargo and passengers arriving from various international locations. In some cases, the agency does not recognize even the mile limit for operations other than interior checkpoints, and roving-patrol stops are commonly made outside the zone. A recent ACLU of Michigan report underscored how cavalierly the agency treats even loose limits on its authority. Border communities will not trust CBP without an independent accounting of notorious and improperly investigated cases of brutality and cruel treatment.

The film included eyewitness video of a brutal beating of Anastasio Hernandez-Rojas, who at one point was prone and handcuffed on the ground. The letter was written two years after Hernandez-Rojas was killed, and the Department of Justice took another three and a half years to absolve DHS personnel of criminal responsibility. Alliance San Diego offers an overview of the testimony, in which the officials allege that investigators:.

In , Congress again responded with outrage to news of misconduct that had been hidden for years. The substance was highly potent methamphetamine, and Velazquez died in agony after the officers did not call for medical attention, despite observing his discomfort. He told ABC News he had never seen the video and declined an offer to watch it. The letter highlights the clear need for oversight:. These oversight recommendations represent a clear opportunity for Congress to bring accountability to the largest law enforcement agency in the United States.

CBP suffers from long-standing and serious transparency, oversight, and accountability deficits. Patterns of racial profiling, excessive force, and dehumanizing conduct have implicated significant numbers of CBP personnel. Indeed, mission and misconduct are inextricably linked at CBP. This report would not have been possible without the tireless work of Chris Rickerd. But we can only continue to do this with your help. The Constitution Project.

The Constitution Project seeks to safeguard our constitutional rights when the government exercises power in the name of national security and domestic policing, including ensuring our institutions serve as a check on that power. Sign up for our newsletter! As an article from the Washington Office on Latin America explains, by two out of three migrants were children or parents, most of them seeking to be apprehended and processed to seek asylum.

Agents were dedicating much or most of their time to processing paperwork, caring for children and families in custody, and interacting with people who were victims of trauma.

The entire Border Patrol Agent basic training curriculum is being re-designed to stay ahead of the curve when it comes to the most effective methods and tools. It also includes recommendations from field operations and suggestions from NGOs. Significantly, the new curriculum represents a transition from traditional teaching methods to student-centric, performance-based training.

To address these issues and accommodate the performance-based methodology, the program length is being increased by 88 hours bringing the total to days of training. Congress should evaluate what CBP requires in the way of academy, refresher, and update trainings for its law enforcement workforce. The investigation should include examining the qualifications, skills, and training associated with Human Resources personnel who impose discipline.

The Commissioner shall make every effort to ensure that adequate access to food and water is provided to an individual apprehended and detained at a United States port of entry or between ports of entry as soon as practicable following the time of such apprehension or during subsequent short-term detention.

The Commissioner shall ensure that an individual apprehended by a U. The information referred to in subparagraph A may be provided either verbally or in writing, and shall be posted in the detention holding cell in which such individual is being held. The information shall be provided in a language understandable to such individual.

Customs and Border Protection processing center for 72 hours or less, before repatriation to a country of nationality or last habitual residence. When practicable, repatriations shall be limited to daylight hours and avoid locations that are determined to have high indices of crime and violence. Not later than days after February 24, , the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report on the procurement process and standards of entities with which U.

Customs and Border Protection has contracts for the transportation and detention of individuals apprehended by agents or officers of U. Such report should also consider the operational efficiency of contracting the transportation and detention of such individuals.

Customs and Border Protection officer. The Secretary may establish such other offices or positions of Assistant Commissioners or other similar officers or officials as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out the missions, duties, functions , and authorities of U. If the Secretary exercises the authority provided under paragraph 1 , the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Finance of the Senate not later than 30 days before exercising such authority.

Beginning in fiscal year , in carrying out subsection c 8 , the Commissioner shall purchase, deploy, and maintain not more than self-powering, 9—1—1 cellular relay rescue beacons along the southern border of the United States at locations determined appropriate by the Commissioner to mitigate migrant deaths. The Commissioner shall, on and after February 24, , continue to submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Finance of the Senate any report required, on the day before February 24, , to be submitted under any provision of law.

Nothing in this section may be construed as affecting in any manner the authority, existing on the day before February 24, , of any other Federal agency or component of the Department. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section of this title and Tables. Section is comprised of section of Pub.

Former subsec. Customs and Border Protection has resources, including chemical screening devices, personnel , and scientists, available during all operational hours to prevent, detect, and interdict the unlawful importation of fentanyl, other synthetic opioids, and other narcotics and psychoactive substances.

Customs and Border Protection to enter into partnerships with private sector and government entities at ports of entry for certain services and to accept certain donations, was repealed by Pub. Please help us improve our site! No thank you. LII U. Code Notes prev next. Customs and Border Protection;. Customs and Border Protection, and the enforcement of the customs and trade laws of the United States ;. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and United States Citizenship and Immigration Services , enforce and administer all immigration laws, as such term is defined in paragraph 17 of section a of title 8 , including— A the inspection, processing, and admission of persons who seek to enter or depart the United States ; and.

B the detection, interdiction, removal, departure from the United States , short-term detention , and transfer of persons unlawfully entering, or who have recently unlawfully entered, the United States;. Customs and Border Protection are consistent with the obligations of the United States pursuant to international agreements;.

Border Patrol 1 In general There is established in U. Customs and Border Protection the U. Border Patrol. Customs and Border Protection; and. B report to the Commissioner. Border Patrol shall— A serve as the law enforcement office of U. Customs and Border Protection with primary responsibility for interdicting persons attempting to illegally enter or exit the United States or goods being illegally imported into or exported from the United States at a place other than a designated port of entry;.

B deter and prevent the illegal entry of terrorists, terrorist weapons, persons, and contraband; and. C carry out other duties and powers prescribed by the Commissioner. Customs and Border Protection with primary responsibility to detect, interdict, and prevent acts of terrorism and the unlawful movement of people, illicit drugs, and other contraband across the borders of the United States in the air and maritime environment;.

B conduct joint aviation and marine operations with U. Immigration and Customs Enforcement;. C conduct aviation and marine operations with international, Federal, State , and local law enforcement agencies, as appropriate;. D administer the Air and Marine Operations Center established under paragraph 4 ; and. E carry out other duties and powers prescribed by the Commissioner.

Customs and Border Protection at United States air, land, and sea ports of entry to— A deter and prevent terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the United States at such ports of entry;. B conduct inspections at such ports of entry to safeguard the United States from terrorism and illegal entry of persons;. C prevent illicit drugs, agricultural pests, and contraband from entering the United States ;. D in coordination with the Commissioner, facilitate and expedite the flow of legitimate travelers and trade;.

E administer the National Targeting Center established under paragraph 4 ;. F coordinate with the Executive Assistant Commissioner for the Office of Trade with respect to the trade facilitation and trade enforcement activities of U.